實用手冊：130+ 提高開發效率的 vim 常用命令 - 網站設計及開發

沫茶茶

Vim 是從 vi 發展出來的一個文本編輯器。代碼補完、編譯及錯誤跳轉等方便編程的功能特別豐富，在程序員中被廣泛使用。和 Emacs 並列成為類 Unix 系統用戶最喜歡的編輯器。這裡收錄了130+程序員必備的 vim 命令，幫助你提高開發效率。 
基本命令

:e filename	Open filename for edition
:w	Save file
:q	Exit Vim
:q!	Quit without saving
:x	Write file (if changes has been made) and exit
:sav filename	Saves file as filename
.	Repeats the last change made in normal mode
5.	Repeats 5 times the last change made in normal mode

在文件中移動

k or Up Arrow	move the cursor up one line
j or Down Arrow	move the cursor down one line
e	move the cursor to the end of the word
b	move the cursor to the begining of the word
0	move the cursor to the begining of the line
G	move the cursor to the end of the file
gg	move the cursor to the begining of the file
L	move the cursor to the bottom of the screen
:59	move cursor to line 59. Replace 59 by the desired line number.
20|	move cursor to column 20.
%	Move cursor to matching parenthesis
[[	Jump to function start
[{	Jump to block start

剪切、拷貝和粘貼

y	Copy the selected text to clipboard
p	Paste clipboard contents
dd	Cut current line
yy	Copy current line
y$	Copy to end of line
D	Cut to end of line

搜索

/word	Search word from top to bottom
?word	Search word from bottom to top
*	Search the word under cursor
/cstring	Search STRING or string, case insensitive
/jo[ha]n	Search john or joan
/< the	Search the, theatre or then
/the>	Search the or breathe
/< the>	Search the
/< ¦.>	Search all words of 4 letters
//	Search fred but not alfred or frederick
/fred|joe	Search fred or joe
/	Search exactly 4 digits
/^n{3}	Find 3 empty lines
:bufdo /searchstr/	Search in all open files
bufdo %s/something/somethingelse/g	Search something in all the open buffers and replace it with somethingelse

替換

:%s/old/new/g	Replace all occurences of old by new in file
:%s/onward/forward/gi	Replace onward by forward, case unsensitive
:%s/old/new/gc	Replace all occurences with confirmation
:2,35s/old/new/g	Replace all occurences between lines 2 and 35
:5,$s/old/new/g	Replace all occurences from line 5 to EOF
:%s/^/hello/g	Replace the begining of each line by hello
:%s/$/Harry/g	Replace the end of each line by Harry
:%s/onward/forward/gi	Replace onward by forward, case unsensitive
:%s/ *$//g	Delete all white spaces
:g/string/d	Delete all lines containing string
:v/string/d	Delete all lines containing which didn’t contain string
:s/Bill/Steve/	Replace the first occurence of Bill by Steve in current line
:s/Bill/Steve/g	Replace Bill by Steve in current line
:%s/Bill/Steve/g	Replace Bill by Steve in all the file
:%s/^M//g	Delete DOS carriage returns (^M)
:%s/r/r/g	Transform DOS carriage returns in returns
:%s#]+>##g	Delete HTML tags but keeps text
:%s/^(.*)n1$/1/	Delete lines which appears twice
Ctrl+a	Increment number under the cursor
Ctrl+x	Decrement number under cursor
ggVGg?	Change text to Rot13

大小寫

Vu	Lowercase line
VU	Uppercase line
g~~	Invert case
vEU	Switch word to uppercase
vE~	Modify word case
ggguG	Set all text to lowercase
gggUG	Set all text to uppercase
:set ignorecase	Ignore case in searches
:set smartcase	Ignore case in searches excepted if an uppercase letter is used
:%s/ outfile	Appends lines 1 to 10 to outfile
:r infile	Insert the content of infile
:23r infile	Insert the content of infile under line 23

文件瀏覽器

:e .	Open integrated file explorer
:Sex	Split window and open integrated file explorer
:Sex!	Same as :Sex but split window vertically
:browse e	Graphical file explorer
:ls	List buffers
:cd ..	Move to parent directory
:args	List files
:args *.php	Open file list
:grep expression *.php	Returns a list of .php files contening expression
gf	Open file name under cursor

和 Unix 系統交互

:!pwd	Execute the pwd unix command, then returns to Vi
!!pwd	Execute the pwd unix command and insert output in file
:sh	Temporary returns to Unix
$exit	Retourns to Vi

對齊

:%!fmt	Align all lines
!}fmt	Align all lines at the current position
5!!fmt	Align the next 5 lines

選項卡/窗口

:tabnew	Creates a new tab
gt	Show next tab
:tabfirst	Show first tab
:tablast	Show last tab
:tabm n(position)	Rearrange tabs
:tabdo %s/foo/bar/g	Execute a command in all tabs
:tab ball	Puts all open files in tabs
:new abc.txt	Edit abc.txt in new window

分屏顯示

:e filename	Edit filename in current window
:split filename	Split the window and open filename
ctrl-w up arrow	Puts cursor in top window
ctrl-w ctrl-w	Puts cursor in next window
ctrl-w_	Maximize current window vertically
ctrl-w|	Maximize current window horizontally
ctrl-w=	Gives the same size to all windows
10 ctrl-w+	Add 10 lines to current window
:vsplit file	Split window vertically
:sview file	Same as :split in readonly mode
:hide	Close current window
:­nly	Close all windows, excepted current
:b 2	Open #2 in this window

自動完成

Ctrl+n Ctrl+p (in insert mode)	Complete word
Ctrl+x Ctrl+l	Complete line
:set dictionary=dict	Define dict as a dictionnary
Ctrl+x Ctrl+k	Complete with dictionnary

標記

m {a-z}	Marks current position as {a-z}
' {a-z}	Move to position {a-z}
''	Move to previous position

縮寫

:ab mail [email protected]

Define mail as abbreviation of [email protected]

文本縮進

[table=98%][tr][td]:set autoindent[/td][td]Turn on auto-indent[/td][/tr][tr][td]:set smartindent[/td][td]Turn on intelligent auto-indent[/td][/tr][tr][td]:set shiftwidth=4[/td][td]Defines 4 spaces as indent size[/td][/tr][tr][td]ctrl-t, ctrl-d[/td][td]Indent/un-indent in insert mode[/td][/tr][tr][td]>>[/td][td]Indent[/td][/tr][tr][td]

xiao丸子

似曾相識的感覺

andykom28

我也來頂一下..  

stk190

我不是隨便的人。我隨便起來不是人

現實999

這貼子你會收藏嗎

fifidodo3

飯可以亂吃，話也可以亂說，但帖子不可以亂髮哦

花家姐

哈哈,頂你了哦.

~Muscle~

謝謝分享

世界沒日

好帖，有才

michael.huang

謝謝分享了!